Rättssäkerhet

I takt med att allt fler länder är på väg att utveckla egna corona-appar ökar även antalet frågetecken.

Politico:

»Big Tech has become a global punching bag because of fears that Silicon Valley has too much control over our daily lives. But in their legitimate efforts to keep people safe, officials across the European Union, United States and elsewhere are quickly falling into the same trap — creating a government surveillance network on the fly, with little oversight and almost no clarity about when it will be shut down.

People are growing increasingly skeptical about how Google, Amazon and Facebook collect reams of our personal data, often in opaque ways that are hard to decipher. So why shouldn’t governments come under the same scrutiny? Governments that have a track record of failing to keep such digital information safe, lack Big Tech’s technical expertise and will, for the most part, be beholden to themselves about when to call off their digital land grab.«

Här finns en intressant poäng. Även om företag som Google, Amazon och Facebook kan kritiseras för sin insamling av persondata – så har de i vart fall lärt sig mycket om hur detta kan skötas på ett någorlunda rimligt sätt. När regeringar runt om i världen nu tänker göra samma sak – då saknar de den erfarenhet och tekniska kompetens som finns hos de kommersiella plattformarna. Dessutom bestämmer de till stor del själva spelreglerna och omfattningen i tid. Plus att myndigheter ständigt tycks drabbas av läckor, intrång och slarv som leder till att känslig data sprids till obehöriga.

Inte minst bör vi fråga oss vilka som kommer att utveckla corona-apparna. Man kan anta att många länder väljer den enkla vägen och köper in tjänsten istället för att göra jobbet själva (vilket de ofta saknar kompetens för att göra). Vad är det då för företag man kommer att vända sig till? På denna marknad finns aktörer som uppvisat mycket begränsad respekt för människors privatliv – och sådana som samarbetar med underrättelseorgan, som till exempel amerikanska NSA.

Därför är det inte bara viktigt med öppenhet och transparens när det gäller hur apparna fungerar – utan även hur de tas fram och av vem.

»Unanswered questions abound. Who will have access to the data? Where will it be stored? Who decides when it’ll be deleted? These are the questions officials have been asking Big Tech for years. So it’s only right — even amid the current crisis — that policymakers should be explicit in their responses with their own efforts before they start vacuuming up information as if they’re the latest digital fad from Silicon Valley.«

Alla som genom åren granskat och kritiserat Big Data bör rikta samma uppmärksamhet mot vad deras regeringar nu håller på med. Och på sätt och vis är det värre när Big Government samlar in persondata än när Big Data gör det. När det gäller staten och myndigheterna, då kan informationen leda till tvångsåtgärder och inskränkningar i våra medborgerliga fri- och rättigheter – medan nätjättarnas intresse bara är att tjäna pengar.

Länk: National governments are joining the ‘Big Tech’ club »

Corona-krisen har resulterat i ett antal initiativ för mobilspårning och appar för hälsostatus. Men också försök att utöka allmän övervakning, inskränkningar av nätets frihet och begränsningar av det fria ordet.

Här följer ett antal nedslag i vad som skrivits på nätet om saken de senaste dagarna. Först ut ett gemensamt uttalande från ett antal EU-länder, på det tyska utrikesministeriets hemsida:

»In this unprecedented situation, it is legitimate that Member States adopt extraordinary measures to protect their citizens and overcome the crisis. We are however deeply concerned about the risk of violations of the principles of rule of law, democracy and fundamental rights arising from the adoption of certain emergency measures. Emergency measures should be limited to what is strictly necessary, should be proportionate and temporary in nature, subject to regular scrutiny, and respect the aforementioned principles and international law obligations. They should not restrict the freedom of expression or the freedom of the press. We need to jointly overcome this crisis and to jointly uphold our European principles and values on this path. We therefore support the European Commission initiative to monitor the emergency measures and their application to ensure the fundamental values of the Union are upheld, and invite the General Affairs Council to take up the matter when appropriate.«

• Joint statement on the principles of the rule of law in times of Covid-19 »

EU:s Data Protection Supervisor efterlyser en gemensam EU-app för smittspridning istället för att varje land inför sitt eget system:

»Several countries are developing tracking apps, but privacy advocates warn of the dangers they might pose.

The European Data Protection Supervisor says a single EU app with strong data protection built in is the best solution to the coronavirus pandemic.

”We will not be able to solve it with national tools only,” he warned.«

• Coronavirus: Call for single EU tracking app with data protection »

Ett stort antal organisationer som arbetar med medborgarrätt och digitala rättigheter ger i ett gemensamt upprop sin syn på saken. Man ställer upp åtta krav och skriver även:

»Technology can and should play an important role during this effort to save lives, such as to spread public health messages and increase access to health care. However, an increase in state digital surveillance powers, such as obtaining access to mobile phone location data, threatens privacy, freedom of expression and freedom of association, in ways that could violate rights and degrade trust in public authorities – undermining the effectiveness of any public health response. Such measures also pose a risk of discrimination and may disproportionately harm already marginalized communities.

These are extraordinary times, but human rights law still applies. Indeed, the human rights framework is designed to ensure that different rights can be carefully balanced to protect individuals and wider societies. States cannot simply disregard rights such as privacy and freedom of expression in the name of tackling a public health crisis. On the contrary, protecting human rights also promotes public health. Now more than ever, governments must rigorously ensure that any restrictions to these rights is in line with long-established human rights safeguards.«

• Joint Civil Society Statement: States use of digital surveillance technologies to fight pandemic must respect human rights »

Liknande signaler kommer från Electronic Frontier Foundation, EFF:

• COVID-19 and Digital Rights

Xindex listar inskränkningar i pressens frihet i coronakrisens spår:

• Xindex världskarta »

Politico skriver om hur skyddet för persondata offras i krisens spår:

»The shift has been most pronounced in Europe, home of some of the world’s strictest privacy regulations, where national governments and EU leaders have told wireless carriers to hand over huge stores of data on people’s movements to help predict the virus’ spread. Poland’s government has gone even further, ordering people who may be infected to download a smartphone app that monitors whether they are complying with quarantine orders.

The situation is far murkier and ad-hoc in the U.S., where companies such as Google, mobile data businesses and a manufacturer of internet-connected smart thermometers have used their troves of granular information to track broad patterns such as the spread of Covid-19 or the effectiveness of social distancing. State and federal agencies are also teaming up with Silicon Valley to help triage potential patients, direct users to testing clinics and dole out information about the pandemic, raising hackles among privacy advocates about what will happen to the reams of data they collect along the way.«

• Privacy agenda threatened in West’s virus fight »

Även Privacy International oroas:

»In the rush to respond to Covid-19 and its aftermath, government and companies are exploiting data with few safeguards. PI is acting to ensure that this crisis isn’t abused.«

• Fighting the Global Covid-19 Power-Grab »

Slutligen den ibland något uppskruvade siten Zerohedge:

»People who have contracted the virus and have recovered, normally develop antibodies to fight the virus, could be their golden ticket to escape regions that have strict social distancing measures and or lockdowns.

Just imagine, immunity certificates granted by governments to people who have recovered or have developed resistance to the virus could be considered special passports that will allow them to freely travel across states, countries, and or the world — while everyone else remains hunkered down in their homes or doomsday bunkers. «

• ”Immunity Certificates” Are Coming – COVID-Survivors To Get ’Special Passports’ Enabling Return To ’Normalcy’ »